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行书,是一种书法统称,分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展,是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体,是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。"行"是"行走"的意思,因此它不像草书那样潦草,也不像楷书那样端正。
行书特点
行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体,自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。
行笔增速
行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上,不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折,还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快,造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。
笔画线条多变
楷如立,行如走,行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔,笔画之间增加呼应等,下面仅从四个方便加以说明:
附笔连接
所谓附笔,就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画(比较细、比较虚)。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时,出现附钩;与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑;长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩,看上去与“钩”没有什么不同,实际上是撇画的附钩。如图:
这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显,使笔画脉络相通,活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意,这些附钩、附挑的出现,是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹,不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。
以圆代方
行书的转折笔画,方笔明显减少,而以圆代替方折,这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔,圆转而过,使笔画圆润自然。如图:
变直为弧
楷书要求横平竖直,而行书的横竖由于行笔增快,为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系,长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图:
但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形,如中竖就要挺直,即便是稍带有弧形的笔画,也要有一定的力度,柔中见刚。
以简代繁
楷书的笔画各自独立,其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范,一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时,为了书写简便,往往将相邻的笔画连写,合并线条,或对楷书的某些部位做了简化,减少起、收笔的次数。
楷书的钩画,在书写行书时,多省略了起钩。如图:
行书的基本笔画点画,可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图:
行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔,减少了笔画数,使书写更加方便。如图:
笔顺变化
行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则,但为了连写便捷,一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形,有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。如图(楷书6笔,行书3笔):
体势变化
由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化,其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况:
1、一个字有多种写法
如“是”字下半部分,“花”字的字头,写得有放有缩,同中有异,多样而统一,颇有趣味。如图:
2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚,略带攲斜,自成新的体势
如横画可以较大幅度上斜,笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势,使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了,避免了楷书的呆板。如图:
行书运笔技巧
笔画运行
硬笔行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。
所谓起笔,就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左为起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,等等。起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。例如:
提笔、按笔
硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。如图:
翻笔、折笔
翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折,都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而有力。如图:
侧笔
侧笔主要取字的姿态,笔画的下笔处比较方折,显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横,“永、广”等字的侧点,“志”字的中竖,“个”字的斜撇等,都是侧笔写成的。如图:
涩笔
涩笔,书写时故意放慢行笔速度,认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感,多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图:
游笔
游笔似行云流水,用笔流畅、便捷,多用于钩画字的轮廓,以增加线条的流动。如图:
掠笔
掠笔也叫牵丝,书写时将笔轻提,一带而过。掠笔的作用是牵引笔画,加强上一笔画与下一笔画之间的联系。但要注意,掠笔使用要自然,不能笔笔都用牵丝或人为地去描摹。如图:
叠笔
叠笔,就是在原来的行笔路线上重返进行。这种方法,可以使局部笔画变得丰润。需要注意的是重叠的距离不能过长。如图:
行书笔画
基本笔画
笔画是构成字的基本要素,练习基本笔画是书写汉字的基本功训练。行书笔画是在楷书笔画的基础上增加速度和流动感,有时可直接使用楷法,有时增加牵丝,钩挑或弧形笔画。
点
1、带勾点是由点带出勾挑,如“不”字,目的是牵引下一字。写法是先顺势写长点,用笔要由轻而重、由左而右,勾时再用力顿一下,然后迅速向左下勾出。带勾点要有一定的弯势,不能生硬僵直;线条要遭劲流利,不能软弱迟疑。
2、带下点是指上下两点一笔带下,如“淤”(于)字。写法是落笔写上点,用力顿一下,再提笔写下点,最后再用力顿一下,迅速勾出。上点略侧,下点稍平,上下点之间,用一细细的牵丝相连。使上下连贯、粗细分明,有形态、有动势。
3、带右点是由左点带出右点,如“以”字。写法是用笔轻落重按先写左点,然后提笔写右点,略顿一下用力向右上趯出,趯勾要短小。写带右点时左点要大右点要小,如两点差不多大,就缺少变化。
4、合二点是指左右两点相呼相应,如“六”字。写法是轻落重按写左点,然后用力向右上勾出,再顺着勾势写右点,最后用力向左下撇出。合二点虽然中间没有牵丝相连,但要一气呵成,左点与右点之间应左高右低,遥相呼应。
横
1、下勾横是指横画下面带勾,如“然”字。“然”字下面本来是四点,现改写为一横画,是采用了草书写法。写法是落笔略顿,再向右写横,至末端用力折笔向左下勾出。
2、上挑横是指横画上面带挑,如“古”字。写法是在写好一横后,再用力一顿翻笔上挑而出.上挑横与下勾横不同处是末端收笔的方向不一样,前者上挑,后者下勾;上挑是为了顺势写上画,下勾是为了开启下笔。
竖
1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬,如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬,不能东斜西倒。
2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂,如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下写竖画,至末端再略顿一下,回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻,两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快,竖中带挺呈曲势,如人挺立,显得精神饱满。
3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾,如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后,末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势,并非一味地端直。
4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾,如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画,至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右,后者曲勾向下、由右而左;前者是承上笔,后者是启下画。
撇
1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上,如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重,随着向左下写撇,至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔,并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。
2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上,如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同,只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说,回锋撇往往是撇后写竖,笔势角度小,挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺,笔势角度大。
3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法,撇端尖尖的,如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重,然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出,撇时要轻灵不要迟疑,而且力要送到撇尖。
4、平撇平撇在字头,短小而平,如“重”字。写法是落笔重,略顿,随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄,短小尖锐。
捺
1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长,如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配,如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔,略横行,接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力,随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折,故又称“波画”。
2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋,如“天”字。写法与斜捺同,只是最后回锋收笔,露出下尖勾,目的是为了书写下一字。
3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来,如“木”字。写法是轻落笔,触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔,然后用力向左下勾出。
4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点,接着顺势写一竖,再提笔向右拐弯,然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点,一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬,二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。
5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用,因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之,如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔,略横,随着向右下用笔,然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样,形态是一波三折,有一种流动的势态。
6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑,如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后,捺脚不平出,而是顺势上挑成勾状,目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法,不可勉强为之。
挑
1、短挑是挑画的一种,线条短小,如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出,短小精锐,恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿,随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。
2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写,如“福”字。写法是先写一撇,然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出,撇折挑要注意折处,书写时点画务必交待清楚,不能含含糊糊,拖泥带水。
勾
1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪,如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画,然后转笔向左行笔,再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法,形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。
2、戈勾即戈字勾,如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔,然后纵笔而下,勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲,刚中含柔见纵势。
3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出,如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画,拐弯时折笔而下,然后宛转提笔写下弯画,再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角,勾尖要向内,对着字心首画。
4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名,如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重,接着用笔向下写直画,随即提笔拐弯写横,最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂,鹅身平正,方正中呈圆势,态度雍容大方,气宇轩昂不几。
5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样,回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式,如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折,然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外,是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利,向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。
折
1、横勾折是指横画加折勾,如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画,折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明,而且转折要自然有力。
2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾,如“问”字。写法是先写竖画,要心胸挺起,折时不妨笔略提起,再顿下去,然后迅速向左上勾出。
3、曲折在行书中用得很多,凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折,如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画,接着向右折笔,再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电,富于动态。
4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写,但书写较工整,如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重,再逐渐提笔写撇,然后回锋向右下方写反捺,即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写,要有折的风味。
5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯,如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横,再折笔写弯,接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲,弯曲自然舒展。
6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾,如“序”字。写法是写好横画后,接着翻笔写撇,撇要成内包势,随即趁势向右上勾出。
7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法,如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖,随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽,用笔要流畅明净。
行书偏旁
行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化,不能千篇一律。此外,部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法,或者借助于楷书用意连,或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝,又要靠笔势,过多地使用牵丝,如果形连势不能连,整个字仍是盘散沙。
食字旁
侧锋落笔写撇,随即回锋写横勾折,接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称,是一笔写成。
衣字旁
首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔,撇点用撇提代替,改变示字旁的书写顺序。
弓字旁
先落笔写横折,再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成,不能用两笔或三笔写成。
虫字旁
落笔写短斜竖,再顺势写横竖折,接着回锋写下横,然后翻笔向上写竖折挑,为了便于书写,行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。
马字旁
落笔写出折勾,再回笔写竖横折勾,最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画,以便书写右面点画。
页字旁
页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长,抗肩,中间用小撇画,不要太长,撇画的起笔位置稍靠左,第二个撇画的弯度较大一些,但不要写的太长,最后撇画带出小钩,呼应最后一点。
舌字旁
首先平撇要短,角度稍平,竖写短,横可稍长,但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。
田字旁
田字旁也是写小,且整体稍向右上斜。
行书章法
行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体,是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性,形态又多变化,丰富奇彩、意到笔随,可塑性大,利于发挥艺术效果,实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作,通篇结构,引领管带,首尾呼应,一气呵成,各尽意志,气适流动,起伏随势,巧布虚陈,寄情寓意,无不淋漓尽致,酣畅爽快,令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。
章法特点
行书由于笔画、结构变化较大,形体各异,加之书写风格不同,因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态,有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别,使行书作品千姿百态,异彩纷呈,构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此,行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多,具有如下特点:
笔势多取纵势
由于行书笔画活泼流动,笔画之间有牵纵行带,前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切,如取纵势,更显得如行云流水,气韵贯通,给人以一气呵成之势。
疏密变化自如
行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外,在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰,能自由地调整疏密位置与布白,达到疏密得当,布白奇妙的效果。
参差错落有致
行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外,而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化,这样,整体布局显得活泼灵动,妙趣横生。
行气直抒胸臆
由于行书书写速度较快,行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融,最能直接表达书者的情感,增加作品的感染力。
谋篇技巧
以动为主
楷书的章法以静为主要特征,给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉;行书章法则以动为主要特征,给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。
前人出书法要“师造化”,凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态,都可借鉴到行、草书中去,以增强行书作品的动感,丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品,也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书,这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。
虽然行书强调动感,但并不是随意为之、不要法度,它仍要遵循一定的规律,以严谨求灵变,避免过于放纵。
以不齐求齐
楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称,排列整齐,以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小,间隔有疏密排列,有错落变化,以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整,以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品,初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐,行与行之间的距离也相等,一气呵成,浑然一体,气韵生动,但细看起来,我们不难发现,字与字并不对齐,有的偏左,有的偏右,左右动荡不写,行与行之间的距离也不相等,有的紧,有的松,没有定则,即所谓的“行书无写法”,需要我们多实践、多体会。
具有节奏变化
一幅好的行书作品,就象一首抒情的歌曲,时而婉转平和,时而高亢豪迈,时而如行云流水,时而如电闪雷鸣,几经曲折,波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄,这种渲泻是有节奏的,体现了行书作品的节奏美。
前后呼应
行书作品最注重首字,应静心写好文稿第一字,以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化,一定要注意前后呼应关系,要意在笔先,事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。
书写姿势
坐姿
正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看,还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥,有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养,只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。
1、头部端正:头要居中,稍向前下方俯视,眼睛与纸面一尺距离,不可俯得太低,也不可左偏、右斜。
2、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中间大部,不能扭向一边,两肩平齐,上身不弯曲,使上身重心安稳。
3、臂开胸舒:两臂自然开张,两肘平放桌面,保持一线,腹背挺直,胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离,使呼吸顺畅。
4、腿开足安:两腿分开,与肩同宽,自然下垂,内侧保持平行,两脚平放地上,使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势,才能使字写得端正,重心平衡。同时,正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。
握姿
执笔方法不正确,不但妨碍书写姿势,影响书写质量,还会给书写者身心健康带来危害,不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点,硬笔是三指执笔法,斜拿。
正确的执笔方法:
①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆(三指处于同一平面);
②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm(两指左右);
③所有指关节都向外弯;
④笔杆位于食指的根部(如下图)。
同时,还要做到:
①指实:拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量,处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上,将笔杆夹牢,松紧适度。
②掌虚:无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢,并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座,虚贴桌面。
③杆斜:笔杆向右后方倾斜,紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向,与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字,手指向前伸直,笔杆与纸面角度减小;书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩,笔杆与纸面角度大,宜于精離细琢。
工具
选笔
钢笔
钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔,日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776,百乐78G,写乐21K等。
关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:
(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;
(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;
(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。
中性笔
中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。
推荐适合练字的中性笔
1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168,这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面,都属于第一梯队的,一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。
2、百乐P700和P500,其实就是0.7和0.5,笔感超级顺滑,而且出水不多不少,非常好写,这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来,但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7,0.5的可以日常用。
中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:
(1)书写流度,笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;
(2)握笔舒适度,长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;
(3)墨干燥速度,书写时不会被谱黑就行。
其他笔
除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。
纸张
练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。
重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。
另外,有以下几个点可以注意:
(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。
(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。
(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。
字帖
如果基础比较差,或者追求没那么高,可以从现代字帖练,比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础,那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖,初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度,再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手,然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖,要下大功夫临摹,专注一本,长期熏修,悟到行书精髓,然后可以遍临诸家。
推荐字帖
1、田英章的字帖
田英章的硬笔字,刚中带柔,舒展洒脱。
以下是田英章老师的一些作品:
2、李放鸣字帖
李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美,被许多学校作为指定书法教材,在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖,
以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品:
3、司马彦行书
司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习,临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家,他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。
书写注意的问题
钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。
钢笔行书函文的书写形式,也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式,与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多,方格纸用得较少。
钢笔行书的落款,款文要用本体或行草书写,款文字形要小于正文,钤印的印章宁少勿多,1-2方足矣。印章的大小,应等于或略大于款文,但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应,起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。
(一)要以楷书为基础,在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化,但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此,学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。
(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书,但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法,就要通过临摹去掌握,而不能随心所欲。
(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点,在书写中适当运用能给字增色,但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点,就会走向反面。如,笔笔相连,就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。
(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法,熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法,就能了解行书的造形规律,收到举一反三之效。
坚持练字
当我们学习一项新技能,坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事,也是最难做到的事,练字也是这样。
想要坚持就得有大的决心,然后培养出习惯,并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中,能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。
所以,不妨列一个计划,树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变,需要做量的积累。例如,我要临写琴赋,我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍,我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练,一个月,成果还是能激励到自己的。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书,是一种书法统称,分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展,是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体,是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。\"行\"是\"行走\"的意思,因此它不像草书那样潦草,也不像楷书那样端正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYooE6s02q6YwaIX4hu9uoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmOEs00igwWECGZNmciYhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体,自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkAmU6qiK4i8Qv6BxHNrRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔增速","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw6GEi4esci8uQI1iR5Lh6N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上,不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折,还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快,造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4A2qasEiuWUYkZ1dqB2YKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画线条多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAC0IEe8smUMWUNkE65pqFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷如立,行如走,行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔,笔画之间增加呼应等,下面仅从四个方便加以说明:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmo2EUA2QyQYQOpRuAKjWVN"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKO8U08cWWeECqYPIfYOYFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓附笔,就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画(比较细、比较虚)。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时,出现附钩;与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑;长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩,看上去与“钩”没有什么不同,实际上是撇画的附钩。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng40Ayk4sOochdaUkUaDoRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca8f277af0b489aac734555f6636835","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcne4MYO0e0MSEOaqWW5DscEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显,使笔画脉络相通,活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意,这些附钩、附挑的出现,是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹,不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQosAsCSGaCgIWgLBtZK6cf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke0eqiaMQIEkckKTrA1cjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的转折笔画,方笔明显减少,而以圆代替方折,这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔,圆转而过,使笔画圆润自然。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIigaa6YeQ0cqQPyA7Bwrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa22bfea6aca41b7a9421e6071527ebe","width":595},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw6iMMO06ssymyB1twoYmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00YcUQm8uSGQuGKq3NljJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求横平竖直,而行书的横竖由于行笔增快,为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系,长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKskOi0sY4KGakHWIsQk3z"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15c909205ef94238b967205ddc025d52","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqo4eSEKUUwSwTXTYrUHic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形,如中竖就要挺直,即便是稍带有弧形的笔画,也要有一定的力度,柔中见刚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYi0UGKweOYA4KkT58rn5T2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiaEmcsGagIm4OSsc9z8bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的笔画各自独立,其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范,一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时,为了书写简便,往往将相邻的笔画连写,合并线条,或对楷书的某些部位做了简化,减少起、收笔的次数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQQsMgoM2A402yVHiHyPUv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的钩画,在书写行书时,多省略了起钩。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eyqgoGoem08SsWngD7f3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":98,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b354150271a34825903868d3d515d728","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6KygmS0QoOUwjHQ8geBXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画点画,可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYOkwSwUuW4YMRE6knAXNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f6f6b0635a4c848a1d6491f4eeb70a","width":610},"text":"","id":"doxcnaoEGQ0IMI62yuwFnncnP1u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔,减少了笔画数,使书写更加方便。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8CEO06kGaGiWK2FYjnhIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":131,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa6fa9722874a839bae5d58753edc10","width":624},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOuGiIi2ySsEamQ4uXeCXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWYccUaQYoYwYVjno6mVFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则,但为了连写便捷,一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形,有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(楷书6笔,行书3笔):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYCYuqeCYaI683GEkwio1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":101,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b163d5ef32144a4388b912e4dcc2c57e","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnYQsY0AQiQM60SIwbqdCQZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8ekquqcSwW6gc1HfDZZy7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化,其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcayiScyO4ksEpwQUWCpCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一个字有多种写法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SE0GGqO0UeUiIHM8D5oDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“是”字下半部分,“花”字的字头,写得有放有缩,同中有异,多样而统一,颇有趣味。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIYGeI42OG8QGOOxMNGnTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37c1e6c1bcdb490580c87e506e958ee2","width":483},"text":"","id":"doxcnQyEiqUKeqUyo8LDxLzsHJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚,略带攲斜,自成新的体势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekuEeAGmUas0eW6kEGNm5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如横画可以较大幅度上斜,笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势,使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了,避免了楷书的呆板。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqUEEeswYSKAARJKgVX2Ff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5d537a662744315aca01acc06fbc9a9","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6GK8OwqqoCqkpbuAXc8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书运笔技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn286meS28OAIS2SImTeo2kb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66mcsMAg8ME2uClYQvkzCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oiwWqqI0W6K0ceOnst56d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓起笔,就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左为起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,等等。起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。例如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAEsqoQ4iqSyIt9czBdsYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":117,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26620f385ccb48549b0d42af46ee8148","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnu0I8C6QSkQu6wC8uxXsIXY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKMO0aw0YYycCmpOuXS0uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUQUQyqSI20yqa7sL7G9oS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/771a46a498b94d1dbfce1dafd2b27352","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnekasEsoeoe4mu0Nonrjcle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwSKqK2EUKaIOcl4UC3Ewf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折,都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而有力。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyu6isAmOi4mGTUsHEOHMyl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376c3e54379a4f8da1fdcdac2c9ec6d1","width":604},"text":"","id":"doxcn8mko4OE4Isik4sE9kDYhOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUSKSkE6ecGYOyGakZ6Ece"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔主要取字的姿态,笔画的下笔处比较方折,显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横,“永、广”等字的侧点,“志”字的中竖,“个”字的斜撇等,都是侧笔写成的。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnickAgMqO4cSeqQWjFp2fOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34052b9680c943679ca2b04e24444a41","width":615},"text":"","id":"doxcniOQqoe8GSea4KwF9bGE8oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkieauKK2cIEyGYClkTTTT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔,书写时故意放慢行笔速度,认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感,多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmuAC2coEcoyaMtuxgMHeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a19fb0a98520486a9af24133ca5290f8","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcngyyMMII2u0YoQH0KHwRW9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncg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"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬,如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬,不能东斜西倒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGEuSO0UIEKwERGIXzMqXd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f97144af17c4cc3852ee12797785bea","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcnSAy0YIQgoW8QkZfG88gPdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂,如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下写竖画,至末端再略顿一下,回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻,两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快,竖中带挺呈曲势,如人挺立,显得精神饱满。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMqY8OiweUaEwfryAYZwlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7233748a264451aae64cb85136d77f9","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcns6ooS2yy0UywOQZTPz5ypd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾,如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后,末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势,并非一味地端直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWocOQWKQ6E8C23aBQquN0e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/422582d36dca4f7fb6a6ec0c247ac8be","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcniCkCySYaogCMy8CgtzOdad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾,如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画,至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右,后者曲勾向下、由右而左;前者是承上笔,后者是启下画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaSKUuKC2KqK617H2GW7Pb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f716018b4ea41b397b1aaf7e4f3680d","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnuse6KUEuUEUCcRJx1mLSfc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuQgYUGGYCWmu1xqsHOvdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上,如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重,随着向左下写撇,至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔,并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSKsUSWqMCAAEpqutNwPhg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/922652bcb9514c53aae97dfb45a65c02","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnUq28SS4m06OaSONR4T0JOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上,如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同,只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说,回锋撇往往是撇后写竖,笔势角度小,挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺,笔势角度大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIM4cMOeC4E0qoVwwpW0EBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":57,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce86631cdd8147deb3cecc6e26230e05","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnWCqy8UgkWqyGCUQT3Bah3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法,撇端尖尖的,如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重,然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出,撇时要轻灵不要迟疑,而且力要送到撇尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUkQgCIQmcASsrU1PSoWOg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5851891c7ee4faba695bb080697181f","width":98},"text":"","id":"doxcnqWGEuY4uQUcABH3xLQVtIm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、平撇平撇在字头,短小而平,如“重”字。写法是落笔重,略顿,随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄,短小尖锐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAI4mCuscQM4AZkOe8sg7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/399df9a1ed2b4cf5b69f693db394d742","width":102},"text":"","id":"doxcn4w2CiuQGqGIqSogyuvEIuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn20memQssyuI0stjz1MXDUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长,如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配,如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔,略横行,接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力,随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折,故又称“波画”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8wcu6CoSyWUuC7luiH6Ef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b41bf4bb4a04cb08ea51f452a2a3b19","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnY2cuQQ2MYwSSecUkPVdJtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋,如“天”字。写法与斜捺同,只是最后回锋收笔,露出下尖勾,目的是为了书写下一字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00Uo80MmSWQ8Yziod0jWig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a78f1707e64d4cc3ac5eef8944cd7182","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnkWSUUAcqKsAcMHBwADjOIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来,如“木”字。写法是轻落笔,触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔,然后用力向左下勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyoUMMs0KMq4IQTiqai28Xd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adb55180b44f46478a9116adde068b3f","width":101},"text":"","id":"doxcnA48ssUU6AQCWmyJoiZstcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点,接着顺势写一竖,再提笔向右拐弯,然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点,一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬,二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0i8ywawgaaaU53p6qQ18b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/605d4619a61e49c7961302bbc8590a49","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnEGQK8oGi28I62ym38KMdWq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用,因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之,如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔,略横,随着向右下用笔,然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样,形态是一波三折,有一种流动的势态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaGgmIScg4yMoL8sJt1IKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":56,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55e6d026f8794a02be4e6b743ef10d41","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnOgO002K2Eg8G4Vh3Vfwh2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑,如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后,捺脚不平出,而是顺势上挑成勾状,目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法,不可勉强为之。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOMgg68YwSouGkh1NHmCTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIM0wg6Y4aIyaSGfbCqCJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、短挑是挑画的一种,线条短小,如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出,短小精锐,恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿,随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWGcM8GI8Q6qoF49kXcPld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":51,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/332ae9b91f744f70bd10f05bbca1e078","width":100},"text":"","id":"doxcnW0uyq6IyKmmSy6PkudqHff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写,如“福”字。写法是先写一撇,然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出,撇折挑要注意折处,书写时点画务必交待清楚,不能含含糊糊,拖泥带水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4g8sq2E6AkeOys9eLkHIke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b406da1174de4ec897df80e8768c9280","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnuWCEyKWOuC6s8PV6hhl0pf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOYcgSEq8EmS4QX8PE1UFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪,如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画,然后转笔向左行笔,再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法,形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGwW8uucc4okquXfu1Iz6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/676dc82fd79347f5b5f0cdb428819f38","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnmcqwMCuSomAU2VO2H56Uje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、戈勾即戈字勾,如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔,然后纵笔而下,勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲,刚中含柔见纵势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIAEeiQsAisScv2zhC19Wd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fc32e4ff05f40d79a11436de1d10958","width":109},"text":"","id":"doxcn2sWu6cSwoUQIagLJ0gXPHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出,如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画,拐弯时折笔而下,然后宛转提笔写下弯画,再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角,勾尖要向内,对着字心首画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneA6WGqWa08WcgtWYZlo7bc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82397aca8fb244599de39104582f9462","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcni48aw2ygGaueEXTgi0fPkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名,如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重,接着用笔向下写直画,随即提笔拐弯写横,最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂,鹅身平正,方正中呈圆势,态度雍容大方,气宇轩昂不几。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KCauImwe6AiSEiYsnwzYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b617d7719b44824b5806f49962dcee8","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnIgc2WYK2uWQ26BXelFJ3Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样,回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式,如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折,然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外,是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利,向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQs8iweaQK8e4EdPKOJQHdl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a57349ba2744aed87bf15a00625e300","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnyU04Y0i2acIuozMvyOzlSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQQ8s20aSK8ESahD9M899g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、横勾折是指横画加折勾,如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画,折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明,而且转折要自然有力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWio8e02SYoAeQbaBlG2Hte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/128989d8259a40f4a691e2f9123a958e","width":112},"text":"","id":"doxcnwYkoSe6ayIw2cxjYtbxLrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾,如“问”字。写法是先写竖画,要心胸挺起,折时不妨笔略提起,再顿下去,然后迅速向左上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQm4Eao4aqKKw0lLitNFtb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68995ecd52ce43f1b01b82e83b13507e","width":119},"text":"","id":"doxcnKa66M4A8EQke6P0RkyQjSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、曲折在行书中用得很多,凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折,如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画,接着向右折笔,再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电,富于动态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyOWY6g2UaA6MpQ8FUINvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":60,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ddab8e070554eafbe788d27eab1d049","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcnCsOWsqOcGG8eOsNEpVaYtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写,但书写较工整,如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重,再逐渐提笔写撇,然后回锋向右下方写反捺,即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写,要有折的风味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWewKKSI4cCscYF1HaN4kGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/79a94fe61ef64a4fa98d34a844cbb160","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcnewcmg4qW6gEA0UaVVbOKre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯,如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横,再折笔写弯,接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲,弯曲自然舒展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6CKwao4cIOMERTrg1fhHq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc888fce47574bb3b23e27aa45348ecb","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeyy2S4qewywgDcvyMUwSQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾,如“序”字。写法是写好横画后,接着翻笔写撇,撇要成内包势,随即趁势向右上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ss2qCgGmKIyIBRbOunaWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a9fff903cb242b6999cbc36061881e7","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnGq0mgYMSAuiAk1UtlcrkIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法,如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖,随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽,用笔要流畅明净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcYuEAuYYAK2olswbP1IWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a2d65e9e63944a29a8c1e22d6b6d446c","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcngKK2iS2mq28YKkCCgOrLEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EC2w0iSQggQBLryTtseh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化,不能千篇一律。此外,部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法,或者借助于楷书用意连,或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝,又要靠笔势,过多地使用牵丝,如果形连势不能连,整个字仍是盘散沙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOOim2IA4aQigZNH3bjZ3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwy2cmiKaaiiEOEDyjUgBld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋落笔写撇,随即回锋写横勾折,接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称,是一笔写成。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskckguQUkAiOaOq0mEPaZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8aca3a771fc4a139c03aa0e90418c82","width":683},"text":"","id":"doxcn8sooCSyYuEuWmiJHQUlQjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weuAWyMEwOuaz7nBePYf7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔,撇点用撇提代替,改变示字旁的书写顺序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUi6ocKee4wEgxutajZ0ug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ba320b2860b4d5ea7f13cc526d07f4c","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnm044EWWyysAgKOz7kzuh0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQoSaoCCQGSEouEqkI0Mt1V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先落笔写横折,再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成,不能用两笔或三笔写成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYSu64sIuM8kEVA00RUYge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08c6744a04614a75a307d434eb2c4521","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnCI6m6QgMOu046KVUu1wVyf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuIAKskk2k6eWMBytYHUIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写短斜竖,再顺势写横竖折,接着回锋写下横,然后翻笔向上写竖折挑,为了便于书写,行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk6kqwCUqqEW2RwzZ4n3ih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb9cebae85cf4f3daa0cfe4223b8ea03","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcnKQwUa42qiGgQ4XMINBjERg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqe6eOKia20mI1EpDYjbEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写出折勾,再回笔写竖横折勾,最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画,以便书写右面点画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWIkyqaUog64IXUTVzmjpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ffcec311ac4028b30e62c7250e5e0c","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcni42mMSs2E2AOuIVn5LBdR1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgAMQAkmUM8yMnjyyPcyJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长,抗肩,中间用小撇画,不要太长,撇画的起笔位置稍靠左,第二个撇画的弯度较大一些,但不要写的太长,最后撇画带出小钩,呼应最后一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggWey8I8Qy2gp6EKTxTgrr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ef06ff99d4f4cfb8f5d18c1c3c6cb88","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnGe2wGsEeCkE4WS28zkaZdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WCQaSSMQ6U40ePMyOCRZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先平撇要短,角度稍平,竖写短,横可稍长,但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0QMekIIqY4MuoKDXqpNHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376a27e1eeb04fc48a3e0169b1c32a15","width":629},"text":"","id":"doxcnukqYqKcCWCqISWTs6rNoEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiy4wqSwuEEAg1BTDW8gvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁也是写小,且整体稍向右上斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQ6QCW62Acq0Ys0PILBIbS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":136,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24ec8a9db1b44db2816be55337f4d46b","width":614},"text":"","id":"doxcnU4AEwyO6UmKWnsuY5eX5Io"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k2USuqGSugoCmR2YmrWAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体,是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性,形态又多变化,丰富奇彩、意到笔随,可塑性大,利于发挥艺术效果,实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作,通篇结构,引领管带,首尾呼应,一气呵成,各尽意志,气适流动,起伏随势,巧布虚陈,寄情寓意,无不淋漓尽致,酣畅爽快,令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWYK8W6Ky0U4I7p3ZGyLpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscaOkQmK2ym2uuacwmDWBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书由于笔画、结构变化较大,形体各异,加之书写风格不同,因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态,有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别,使行书作品千姿百态,异彩纷呈,构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此,行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多,具有如下特点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAOUUCUEQ82MNIa8dy6Jqr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔势多取纵势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem6uwmIUgkUOCiIIHAVoEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书笔画活泼流动,笔画之间有牵纵行带,前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切,如取纵势,更显得如行云流水,气韵贯通,给人以一气呵成之势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqai8YcC4qkEcJZZYp0wbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疏密变化自如","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe4IuQwQKco6ioVhPww3Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外,在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰,能自由地调整疏密位置与布白,达到疏密得当,布白奇妙的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI8I8iWY4ggEETpYW4TWKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"参差错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyY6McsoGiCAI49eIbJf1Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外,而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化,这样,整体布局显得活泼灵动,妙趣横生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkQa262qAS4Y44kebdWNjlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行气直抒胸臆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEUW0aSwKqwioL7kGZZbih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书书写速度较快,行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融,最能直接表达书者的情感,增加作品的感染力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyKM0AU8QauAC89X8PETgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋篇技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8g2yw6YQisMUewcHsiCBnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以动为主","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGCG264aiCOa62eig4dIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的章法以静为主要特征,给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉;行书章法则以动为主要特征,给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusII6oWAIeaeGO2l13qZgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前人出书法要“师造化”,凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态,都可借鉴到行、草书中去,以增强行书作品的动感,丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品,也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书,这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaqOeS0KomkCcB90z1cpjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然行书强调动感,但并不是随意为之、不要法度,它仍要遵循一定的规律,以严谨求灵变,避免过于放纵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaAAAGGqYCkB74bKmj5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以不齐求齐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYaAUqMyEqaoGolGrLFSLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称,排列整齐,以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小,间隔有疏密排列,有错落变化,以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整,以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品,初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐,行与行之间的距离也相等,一气呵成,浑然一体,气韵生动,但细看起来,我们不难发现,字与字并不对齐,有的偏左,有的偏右,左右动荡不写,行与行之间的距离也不相等,有的紧,有的松,没有定则,即所谓的“行书无写法”,需要我们多实践、多体会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0m6K4mIWIQuSTyRdR0iNC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具有节奏变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mGoqc8CKiKuisjCYuI1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一幅好的行书作品,就象一首抒情的歌曲,时而婉转平和,时而高亢豪迈,时而如行云流水,时而如电闪雷鸣,几经曲折,波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄,这种渲泻是有节奏的,体现了行书作品的节奏美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oS4648y26OANLehr5Ayh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"前后呼应","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwCUi2miWAaOs9cTQCQNIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作品最注重首字,应静心写好文稿第一字,以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化,一定要注意前后呼应关系,要意在笔先,事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUEOuykEcou6ls65je4Ec"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIiu0qG4ISKEWEV29p0Lhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4wuicC8u4woolgT0iFfKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看,还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥,有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养,只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMSswUI2WKAol2w4DioiKY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68e50955c9bf49c79a2d33fa599f8967","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnqm2uCmw0owUUY5OWH2KzUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、头部端正:头要居中,稍向前下方俯视,眼睛与纸面一尺距离,不可俯得太低,也不可左偏、右斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAMQGGsCsMWSUpcK0JxSKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中间大部,不能扭向一边,两肩平齐,上身不弯曲,使上身重心安稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUiYWyqyCYMED5LIMvyBoq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、臂开胸舒:两臂自然开张,两肘平放桌面,保持一线,腹背挺直,胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离,使呼吸顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0McKYqQOOsQU8lGajEQpze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿开足安:两腿分开,与肩同宽,自然下垂,内侧保持平行,两脚平放地上,使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势,才能使字写得端正,重心平衡。同时,正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwCCaoS8cUaUK4bwzdP1wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn484YCWuqYCgQKKJJq1SqBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法不正确,不但妨碍书写姿势,影响书写质量,还会给书写者身心健康带来危害,不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点,硬笔是三指执笔法,斜拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkciww0WuyUa4iC5JCK6Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8A4cGIEUOYy0GW13CkCCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆(三指处于同一平面);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIywGmOiyoCcMgN2M7T7Nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm(两指左右);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2QIceAcSgKAWGKahaJm8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指关节都向外弯;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuScKqwMEoSUcys1lP97bCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④笔杆位于食指的根部(如下图)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyke2coyo0M6eXj1qhSuNs"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce7201cb08b47529021161e4b3de06b","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcne0eiCmM0cG4U6p3INPuCMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,还要做到:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamykg6AwCq2Ac9h72enUCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①指实:拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量,处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上,将笔杆夹牢,松紧适度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweCWAUYiyGeg2TkOOdNbBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②掌虚:无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢,并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座,虚贴桌面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA02SkuSikAEiSOc82XnAC8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③杆斜:笔杆向右后方倾斜,紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向,与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字,手指向前伸直,笔杆与纸面角度减小;书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩,笔杆与纸面角度大,宜于精離细琢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAes80guA0Gg9lxRjo0hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOk6mywusO2IOkN3g9fTK2c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOwM62Iy8uGU0alFfMMjUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaW8SwyIoEouaOmyhAUNVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔,日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776,百乐78G,写乐21K等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUmI4aIokKw6cbKMEuVWDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06GiYsWC4mq00ovgwEGzRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2UQEqWkuQuQCIEGKZsrbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ42AKQqyYg6I8hGOKSkeOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni404gSg2e6WyMPg2b2F9Bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efce42fa90fe484395d9143de95dc1bf","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcn4uY6IYu2ICIw3EuOMlrjFG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwuQmOGuS042gvVP3Id6ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OGuOsYGGC6iqaredoyuJY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐适合练字的中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOmKaemOqcccEVs5KJ77Gg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168,这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面,都属于第一梯队的,一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEukCgewS60EcX2tvmYDVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、百乐P700和P500,其实就是0.7和0.5,笔感超级顺滑,而且出水不多不少,非常好写,这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来,但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7,0.5的可以日常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUek84A6OCEgOCw5UNMUhJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkICQqo6Cm88u7WuiDWz7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)书写流度,笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKe4siIGgSEsaaELXNWpi1H"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)握笔舒适度,长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqUMSieS8gsAqyBuq40XIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)墨干燥速度,书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyCssSI00Wq2cFm5hjXT7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f858d495e934607b39050eb30d2ed77","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8SCicMsOOis8J3zWX7Htb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQ2s0gw8CIyYquSaWHLhKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe2muKE6CeU2kfO5ezrUxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":220,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b423b0b4e1e43c6913f2e1b4ab63a7a","width":220},"text":"","id":"doxcn084Uwumk8C8U068kJ9qbIg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGqquMwA8CQYG2DKdolh3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS60ocSugMSWegNnbUyHQ2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosQSwUYCgq66QJHLq094Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,有以下几个点可以注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSugi6IWWKMKSWd3Ibp7GtZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOOW42wEyY6EKcEt3OKSBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQoU4AWmY4YmWMBLwAw1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIMuwA4KiKQk95m4tnAMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1370f12a9b3b4d938074b49cdfa4ca62","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcnqkWu80g8O6mAQr6qkPMw7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUASa6Y2KiSaSSutOmuSNyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果基础比较差,或者追求没那么高,可以从现代字帖练,比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础,那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖,初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度,再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手,然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖,要下大功夫临摹,专注一本,长期熏修,悟到行书精髓,然后可以遍临诸家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucQUMwau2sCUwfnACIbDgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiQqCcEE8OuoqYdd2ZXLWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、田英章的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0yGccyK8U4Q8gPBSuvP2yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的硬笔字,刚中带柔,舒展洒脱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAcyecEwwsa4FbIfMmqEyr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是田英章老师的一些作品:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqcEGE4mma06sMSHXIP0nb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57790c3f579340c6a3d920e542c5e081","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn84aA4kmYeGssOkRDzIifpe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":523,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/665960b664004091947413f309229f9b","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOcsieq6aiK82VKH4M2P2f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、李放鸣字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美,被许多学校作为指定书法教材,在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneacYskAWwAsmUXP2ENjdhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMwS40qQc8kgUjRNRb08Fd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/076399aa06bd441c8d96060b3a5cc8c6","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnCia2usY2Cg4qAlPMs7VljU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3cafb01a8ad4dcf99af2fb29b35c803","width":521},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOAocWOqOMKW2dihMx5xMc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、司马彦行书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习,临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家,他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne82wyikkM6yoQTMT0J7cRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31d1eddee0c14259a78f64d44dd40234","width":388},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQAM8yuu6EI8OGQGVz4TSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneACOeq0e6qUQuKLKnhE4If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmOcoAicOWaomomHXoY14e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书函文的书写形式,也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式,与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多,方格纸用得较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2gwqOuYS8ysEDNep9PiJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的落款,款文要用本体或行草书写,款文字形要小于正文,钤印的印章宁少勿多,1-2方足矣。印章的大小,应等于或略大于款文,但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应,起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKU0A6ys0sK28ibu7GJzlib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)要以楷书为基础,在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化,但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此,学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIwyOWS6oSuiWaB3wrfzng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书,但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法,就要通过临摹去掌握,而不能随心所欲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQ4wQwkYomAcGiwp3anBtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点,在书写中适当运用能给字增色,但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点,就会走向反面。如,笔笔相连,就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80K8KKs2meo2ikpSz93xpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法,熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法,就能了解行书的造形规律,收到举一反三之效。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUcKcQgYEieUiE5yGslaKf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":614,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f87da4b8482e41228ccdfe6e92fcdc64","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCoUKUikmkMIwEKlo0aKYK"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坚持练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnocwmwKgqkqYq4G69LKJECb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们学习一项新技能,坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事,也是最难做到的事,练字也是这样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYIOAcgwMewkcqqmYlNpqEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要坚持就得有大的决心,然后培养出习惯,并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中,能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsUqYQi8Wg8ciXxCWIY1hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以,不妨列一个计划,树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变,需要做量的积累。例如,我要临写琴赋,我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍,我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练,一个月,成果还是能激励到自己的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSo6Y20gMyKiEfvjAeoXhiI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQKUWsAU0AOI2Wg9VerpJWf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E2. 轻骑QM125
车身共振 国产摩托车大多有这种问题, 放心吧,不是故障 尽量避开这个速度骑行就行了
3. 轻骑qm125一2论坛
准确的说,是仿铃木GS发动机,但在质量上与铃木(如济南铃木和豪爵铃木的同类产品)还是略有差异,不过当时最初引进铃木GS机技术时,就是在济南轻骑生产的,所以它的GS机产品质量性能还是很过硬的。
4. 轻骑qm125一3
河北地区大约5500-5650元
5. 轻骑qm125-2
收油门熄火大多是混合气过浓,如果是汽油不好或点火时间晚及电弱,在正常行驶中也会放炮。可以检查空滤是否堵塞或浸油,化油器混合比是否调整不当,油面是否过高,风门是否热车后没有完全关闭,油针位置过高等。
6. 轻骑QM125一9C摩托车图片
雅马哈 BT1100 斗牛犬
从名字就能看出,BT1100拥有激进、野性的性格,外形方面不同于传统街车,高耸的油箱加上圆滑的风挡,让BT1100的外观犹如一头准备发动进攻的斗牛犬。动力方面搭载风冷75度V型双缸发动机,1063ml的排量输出65匹马力和88牛米的扭矩,虽然马力不够花哨,但蛮横的扭矩驱动251kg的车身不会有半点拖沓,V型双缸随叫随到的动力特性完美的体现在这辆车上。只要你舍得拧油门,会立即体验到拉扯的快感。
Bigdog K9 大狗
Bigdog公司虽然生产美式巡航车,但是和哈雷戴维森并没有什么关系,这个独立的品牌只生产定制美式巡航摩托车,目前拥有五条生产线。K9是Bigdog最具代表性的一款摩托车,被誉为“美式第一Chopper”,拥有超长的前减震、修长的油箱、低矮的坐垫和300毫米宽后胎,这些夸张的设计让K9非常容易辨认。动力方面同样非常强悍,新款K9的发动机由老款117立方英寸加大到124立方英寸,推动车辆由静止加速到时速100不会超过4秒。超大排量的V型双缸发动机在产生强大马力的同时,也让排气声浪拥有纯正的美式重机范儿。
雅马哈 SRX400瘦狗
为了延续SRX500车型的优质口碑,YAMAHA相继推出SRX400和SRX600车型,其中SRX400车型拥有纤细的车身和轻盈的车重,被人戏称为“瘦狗”,当时一度成为CAFE RACER追捧的对象。此外,SRX400拥有非常高的可靠度,虽然样子不够华丽,性能不够强劲,还是得到了用户的一致好评,作为通勤代步、外出游玩的座驾非常合适。配备400ml单缸风冷发动机,能输出33匹马力和33牛米扭矩,推动147kg的轻巧车身,让其极速可以超过160km/h,足以应付日常使用需求,无奈SRX400早早停产,完整保留至今的车少之又少。
本田 MAGNA 250龙犬
作为Honda旗下入门级巡航摩托车,MAGNA 250表现得足够低调,除了优秀的品质和轻松的驾驭体验外,再没有其他能拿出向人炫耀的资本,不过对于初级摩托发烧友来说,MAGNA 250已经完全能达到使用需求。动力来自一台90度V型双缸250ml水冷发动机,采用DOHC八气门配气机构,最大马力27匹、最大扭矩22.5牛米,这对于一款入门级车型来讲完全够用,而且动力输出非常平顺,完全符合巡航车的秉性。仅有171kg的车重并不像其他巡航车那样笨重,即使新手骑行也没有太大压力,也正因为这样,MAGNA 250成为了不少摩友的第一辆巡航摩托车。
轻骑QM250GY-F狗四
QM250GY-F是轻骑公司推出的一款两用摩托车,也是战獒系列摩托车的第四代产品,它的外号“狗四”也是由此而来。战獒系列摩托车兼顾公路和越野的使用需求,是一款跨界车型,不论用来跑山通勤、还是林道穿越,战獒系列车型都能满足使用需求。经过不断地升级改进,“狗四”的性能相比老款车型取得了跨越性进步,发动机排量提升至250ml,前减震改为倒立式前叉,供油也配备了电喷系统,各个方面都已达到了较高水准,是一款集玩乐与实用于一身的车型。该车用途非常广泛,即使在长途摩旅中也能经常见到。
7. 轻骑QM125_9B
钢琴是西洋古典音乐中的一种键盘乐器,有乐器之王的美称。由88个琴键和金属弦音板组成。几乎囊括了乐音体系中的全部乐音,是除了管风琴以外音域最广的乐器。
认识钢琴
钢琴是西洋古典音乐中的一种键盘乐器,有乐器之王的美称。意大利人巴尔托洛奥·克里斯托弗利在1709年发明了钢琴。不但可以作为独奏、重奏、合奏和伴奏乐器使用,也是音乐创作和听觉训练中必不可少的基础乐器之一。
钢琴种类
钢琴目前可分为两大类别,传统类和电子类。
传统类
传统类可分为立式钢琴和三角钢琴。
1、立式钢琴是最为常见的钢琴种类,价格相对便宜,占用空间小,实用性较强。
2、三角钢琴价格比较昂贵,占用空间较大,一般用于大型演出或专业人士弹奏。
电子类
1、电子琴:电子琴是早期发展而来的乐器,带有扬声器,音量可以自由调节,而且能模仿多种乐器的声音,价格比较便宜,适合儿童启蒙时使用。61 键电子琴比较常用。
2、电钢琴:电钢琴和电子琴的原理基本一样,但是电钢琴主要是为了模仿真钢琴弹奏手感雨存在的,各个厂家研发各种高科技手段来实现真钢琴手感。当然,电钢琴的价格相差也比较大,便宜的在2000元左右,贵的可以达到3~5万元。
3、合成器:合成器是现代高科技的产物,它不但结合了电子琴和电钢琴的特点,还有其他很多方面的提升,比如可以自动伴奏,代替乐队进行演奏,它不但可以弹奏出真钢琴的音色,还能弹奏出其他乐器的声音,比如鼓、吉他、萨克斯等。合成器的琴键数量也有多种选择,最常见的是61键、73键以及88键,价格相对来说比较贵,通常在1~3万元之间,合成器的音色一般比较好,可以在音乐制作时使用。
如何选购钢琴
1、音质:好的钢琴要有好听的声音,太亮,太闷都不是好的声音。大家选择时可以演奏简单的旋律测试,而不要使用踏板,并且要在大空间检验,这样才能测试出钢琴真正的音质。你可以相信自己的耳朵,而无需专业人士的帮助就能做出准确的判断。
2、手感:一架钢琴的好坏不仅取决于声音,跟手感也有很大关系。很多家长在挑选钢琴时,要求推荐琴键轻的钢琴,怕孩子太小琴键太重会弹坏孩子的手指。其实这种做法是错误的,钢琴键盘的分量是有一个国际规范的,过重过轻都不是好的选择。
3、音板:钢琴的音板是钢琴声音的灵魂。音板的厚度一般为1厘米。钢琴的音色取决于音板的各项声音指标。市场上常见的音板分三种:单层实木音板、实木复合音板、复合音板。高端钢琴一般采用单层实木音板,低端钢琴则常用复合音板。
4、型号:钢琴的型号一般是按高度划分,如118、120、123、125、132等,同品牌同系列的钢琴高度越高声量越大,各方面的性能也更好一点,一般家庭初次购买钢琴,建议选择123-125的型号,这样的钢琴音质以及表现力还有稳定性都较好,性价比也高。
5、品牌:德国钢琴品牌品质是最好的,其次是德国以外的欧洲地区,再次是美国、日本、中国。越是知名的品牌钢琴的质量也就越好,这是因为每个钢琴品牌都有着自己的技术沉淀。
6、价格:也是大多数消费者比较关心的问题,个人建议先确定好预算,都说一分钱一分货,钢琴的价格从万元到数百万不等。在预算范围内尽量选择接近预算上限的,这样的品质也比较好。
钢琴功能
学习钢琴之前我们需要先了解钢琴的使用方法,可以参考钢琴说明书,先熟悉钢琴的面板功能,然后再系统学习钢琴。
无论是立式钢琴还是三角钢琴,都是由七部分组成:外壳、键盘、击弦机、 弦列、音板、铁支架、踏板。
钢琴键盘
1、共有52个白键和36个黑键。
2、黑键的长度和宽度均小于白键。
3、每个黑键都位于两个白键中间(但不一定是正中间)。
4、琴键分为若干组,每组有12个琴键(7个白键和5个黑键)。
5、最左边的组只有3个琴键(2个白键和1个黑键),最后边的组只有1个琴键(1个白键),这两个组都是不完整的组。
6、每组的这12个琴键中,7个白键从左向右依次为do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、si,5个黑键从左向右依次为升do(降re)、升re(降mi)、升fa(降sol)、升sol(降la)、升la(降si)。
7、图中的那些汉字是每组的名称(从左向右依次为大字二组、大字一组、大字组、小字组、小字一组、小字二组、小字三组、小字四组、小字五组,其中大字二组和小字五组是不完全音组)。
钢琴音色
给钢琴调音,一般可借助耳朵去听琴的音色来调,这需要知道钢琴的构造,一般调音师会把中高音区的同一个音的一根弦先调,这需要注意听音的高低和音色。除此,还可以借助调音器代替耳朵来听琴的音色。但如果没有这方面的技巧,还是应该找专业人士帮忙调音,切不可自己胡乱调节钢琴的音色。
1、钢琴调音,简单地说,就是将琴弦拧紧或者放松,使其达到一定的音高(国际标准音),即以小字一组a音,振动频率以440Hz为标准,按十二平均律的生律方法来调试钢琴的每一个音。钢琴调律是一个较为复杂的工作,如果没有这方面的技巧,还是应该找专业人士进行调音,切不可自己胡乱调节钢琴的音色。
2、给钢琴调音,一般可借助耳朵去听琴的音色来调。钢琴调音常用的音程是同度、八度、四度和五度。不仅从理论上要懂得这几种音程的特征,还要从听觉上掌握其音响特点。调音是靠听拍音来判断音程是否准确的。一般来讲,听同度、八度较为容易,听四度和五度较难。
3、除了靠耳朵听音,还需要知道钢琴的构造。钢琴分出高音区、中音区、低音区。高音区一个音对应有三根琴弦,中音区有两根,低音区有一根,一般调音师会把中高音区的同一个音的一根弦先调出来。
4、调音一般采用的是“四、五度循环法”,其程序为:先从中音组的A音开始,并用A音440HZ的调音器或标准音叉进行调音。A音调好后开始向八度扩展。中音组调好后,再调低音组。低音组的调音方法和中音组一样,以中音组为标准,用八度按半音阶。八度音调准后,再向五度、四度音进展。最后调高音组。
5、钢琴调音对于新手来说还是有些难度的,可以配合视频讲解来学习:https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=10528990544618385757。
钢琴调率
调率方法
1、四五度调律法 此方法采用上四下五在基准音组的闭环循环,得出12平均律,然后利用8度扩展。
2、 三六度调律法 此方法采用三六度音拍频数相对较多,不容易分辨出个数,然后利用8度扩展,是国内手法调律师常见的使用方式。
3、 电子仪器调律法 此方法采用电子波形采样原理,其软件有YAMAHA、Tunelab等。在使用了高质量拾音器的情况下,软件能够很好地辅助校准,同时获得更高的精度。
4、单纯看文字可能会有些难度,大家可以观看视频教程一起学习:https://ke.qq.com/course/350545#term_id=100416879。
调率工具
1、止音工具。钢琴调律是逐个音、逐根弦调试的过程,而钢琴的音多数为同音弦组构成,即一个音由两根或三根弦组成,调律时,这就需要将暂时不调试的弦止住防止它发出不必要的声音,以免干扰被调试弦的音响,而影响到调律听觉。这也是止音工具的作用。止音工具包括止音呢契、止音皮契、止音呢带、高音止音夹、高音止音棒、金属柄高音止音皮契和链条式止音皮契等器具。
2、校音工具。校音工具是一种能产生或发出纯音的具有固定频率可作为调律标准音或校对、测试音高的音响工具。校音工具主要包括音叉、电子音叉和音准仪等器材。
3、调音工具。调音工具只有调音扳手。调音扳手是一种转动钢琴弦轴销,以调整弦张力的大小,使音升高或降低的专用工具。
4、辅助工具。调律工具中的辅助工具有三件:一件名叫“套筒装卸扳”;另一件是螺丝刀:再一件是“倒退制止器调整扳”。
钢琴脚踏板
从左到右依次是,柔音踏板,中央踏板,减震踏板。
1、柔音踏板,顾名思义就是让钢琴的声音变得柔和一点,让声音变得更加的贴切。还有一个重要的作用就是减小声音的大小,适合早晨和晚上练琴。
2、中央踏板,不同的钢琴不一样的作用,有的钢琴中央踏板有延音的效果,如果你按下一个音符,踩下延音踏板,即使你松开音符,音符也会继续发音。
3、减震踏板,简单的来说,就是踩下去,可以让你敲击出来美妙共鸣的声音。
学习钢琴
钢琴手法
首先弹钢琴的正确手法是手指放到钢琴上,手掌要拱起来,并五指分开,手指一定是要自然下垂,整个手像握一个鸡蛋一下,成一个半圆形状。大拇指处外,手两只手的四指指尖去触碰一键,千万不要是指肚,拇指是用指尖的侧面去碰琴键的。
指法
像我们平时在家随时随地都可以练习,将手指摊平放在桌面上,去敲击桌面,从而达到手指的力量。有时候一个手指频繁的操作,就需要另外一个手指去接替了,像平时拇指弹奏过多的情况下,也可以用无名指接替弹奏,来减轻拇指的负担。指法的学习是重中之重,也是弹好钢琴的基础。
1、顺指法:
在某个固定位置上,即五音手位上,用一个手指对准一个琴键,五个手指依次排列在五个琴键上,期间没有间隔的琴键,以手指的自然顺序使用的指法。这是钢琴弹奏中最常用的基本指法。如果一段旋律只有五度内的五个音,原则上不用移位。
2、扩指法:
五个手指在大于五度的音程上用伸展手型弹奏。大指与食指之间的虎口是伸展手型的有利条件。六度音程的旋律用六度的手型弹奏,一指与五指之间的距离为六度,一、二指之间间隔一个琴键,其余手指顺指排列。
3、缩指法:
五个手指在小于五度音程上用收缩手型弹奏。迂回上行或下行的旋律可以用这种缩指法弹奏。在弹奏过程中,把手指相互收缩弹奏旋律的指法。
4、同音不同指:
在同一个音上换指弹奏的指法。同音换指法往往与顺指法或扩指法结合使用。为了使连续出现的同音弹奏得均匀清晰,可以用两个手指交替弹奏,也可以用三个或四个手指自右至左有规律地依次轮奏。旋律进行中,同音换指可以移动把位,移动把位后要立刻为下一个手型作好准备。
5、同指不同音:
用相同的手指弹两个或两个以上的音,有如下:用大拇指同时弹奏相邻的两个键。滑指:用同一个手指连续弹奏两个音,由一个音滑向另一个音或由黑键向白键滑动或在两个白键间平行移动。
我们可以观看视频讲教程:https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/af9f5a2d40439343140a45e9.html。
钢琴识谱
认识五线谱
1、通常来说,音符由符头、符干、符尾三部分组成;符头可以是空心的,也可以是实心的,两者拍数相差一半;除了全音符之外,其它的音符都有符干,增加符干原来时值也减一半;根据符头所在的线或间唱相应的音。
2、符点音符是标在音符符头右边的小圆点儿,用以增加音符的拍值。若一个音符的右边带有一个符点,那么表示该音符的拍值在原来的基础上还要再增加1/2拍。
3、新手学习五线谱会有一些不容易理解的地方,观看视频教学:https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=14863524342786170721,会提升我们的学习效率。
入门五线谱推荐
小星星视频教学:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1VZ4y1z7j8/。
童年视频教学:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av798895059/。
简谱的看法
1、在简谱中,用以表示音的高低及其关系的基本符号有七个数字,即1、2、3、4、5、6、7,分别代表do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、si。(这是一个很详细的简谱教学视频:https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=4528756325398501909)。
2、只使用七个音符是无法表现众多的高低音调的。在简谱中,在基本音符上方加记一个“·”,表示该音升高一个八度,称为高音;加记两个" :",则表示该音升高两个八度,称为倍高音。
在基本音符下方加记一个"·",表示该音降低一个八度,称为低音;加记两个" :",则表示该音降低两个八度,称为倍低音。在钢琴键盘上共有五个音区部分,分别从左到右,对应从高音到低音。
3、装饰音符:在乐谱中表示音乐的休止(停顿)的符号称为休止符。简谱的休止符用O表示。用“>”或“□”或“sf”标记在音符的上面,表示这个音要唱(奏)得坚强有力
当“>”与“□”两个记号同时出现时,表示更强。终止线是用两条竖线,其中一条细线,一条粗线并行,细的一条在前,粗的一条在后,表明乐曲终了。
4、两只老虎简谱,其中红框的节拍,表明你弹奏歌曲的节奏,即每一小节为四拍。绿框表示sol的因为长摁两拍。黄框表示一个节拍同时摁两个音,即和弦。
5、紫框为休止符号。绿框为该音符低一个八度。
入门简谱推荐
1、《让我们荡起双桨》
刘炽让导演把孩子们召集起来后唱给大家听,孩子们听后拍着手说:“真好,唱出了我们刚才在船上的心情”,乐曲真切的表现了孩子们的心情,趣味和欢乐与幸福,刘炽这才感到满意。让跟着视频一起弹奏吧:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1844y1Y72L/。
2、《我爱北京天安门》
因为歌曲旋律清新、节奏活泼,只有9度音域,演唱的适应面广,富于儿童特点,不同于当时占据乐坛的“语录歌”、“忠字歌”千篇一律的进行曲、战歌那样的高亢、声嘶力竭,在当时迅速脱颖而出,并成为了70年代文革后期的儿童和青年人传唱的经典红歌。让我们跟着视频一起弹奏吧:https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=8539017987112186836。
大调音阶指法
为了锻炼手指技术,大调音阶有不同的指法,且需要转指才能完成,这个需要练习者要非常集中精神,所以音阶的练习是手指练习的必要组成部分。视频教学更清晰明了,可以参考视频:https://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E5%A4%A7%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%98%B6%E6%8C%87%E6%B3%95&from_source=webtop_search&spm_id_from=333.1007&search_source=5。
C大调音阶:CDEFGABC
G大调音阶:GABCDEF#G
D大调音阶:DEF#GABC#D
A大调音阶:ABC#DEF#G#A
E大调音阶:E F# G# A B C# D# E
B大调音阶:BC#D#EF#G#A#B
F#大调音阶:F#G#A#BC#D#E#F#
F大调音阶:FG ABbCDEF
Bb大调音阶:Bb CDEbF G A Bb
Eb大调音阶:Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb
Ab大调音阶:Ab Bb C Db Eb F G Ab
Db大调音阶:DbEb F Gb AbBbC Db
钢琴练习
五指练习
五指练习的三种奏法,即断奏、连奏(连音)和跳音的弹法。我们分别讲解一下。
1、断奏(也叫非连音奏法)。这种方法是初学者首先要学习和掌握的一种弹奏方法。初学时,要求学生手指、手掌、手腕都处于放松状态,手臂提起来后自然地落下,使弹奏的手指在琴键上站稳,并发出跑满坚实的声音,听见音声后立即放松,然后按同样的方法练习其他手指。
2、连奏(也叫连音奏法)。这是演奏钢琴最基本、最常用的弹奏方法。其要求正好与断奏相反,音与音之间无空隙、无停顿。连奏可以连接两个音或者多个音。具体弹法是:弹完第一个音后,手不要提起来,而是把手指的支撑点从一指传给二指(二指弹之前可先向上抬一下),接着二指再传给三指,三指传给四指,四指再传给五指,最后手腕提起,完成这五个音的连奏。
3、跳奏。顾名思义,这是一种有弹性、活泼跳跃的奏法。它要求弹出的声音短促、有力、富有弹性,手指弹下去随即离键,但也不能太短。把手指放在键上,然后,所弹手指在手臂的带动下往上“抽”,发力要快,集中,这样才能弹出比较集中、明亮、富有弹性的跳音。在此基础上再练习用手腕和手指的跳音奏法。
4、断奏与联奏的详细指法一定不要错过哦:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av977873916/。
5、 跳音的指法教学也很详细:https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=11206217697925100531。
五指练习的手位
第一种手位:C、D、E、F、G
初学钢琴的学生对do re mi fa sol比较感兴趣,这样的手位学生容易接受,比较符合初学者的要求和特点。所以,我在教学时,首先采用的是这个手位,容易在琴上找到,双手相隔一个八度,练习起来较为方便,效果显著。
第二种手位:E、升F、升G、升A、C
这是当年肖邦在教育学生时常用的教学方法,一百多年的教学实践都证明了这种手位是最符合这个年龄段学生的手的自然生理状况,大指和小指放在白键上,而食指、中指、无名指放在黑键上,这种手位容易使学生找到放松的感觉,可以使学生掌握正确的指间距离,形成良好的弹奏手型和积极的弹奏状态。
五指练习的节奏变化
在练习时,可以采用变化节奏的方法进行,这样,可以提高学生的学习兴趣,同时,还可以提高手指的训练效果,进一步强化巩固已经所学的弹奏方法。
训练时一般可以采用三种不同的节奏变化。
1、一长一短:X. X|X. X|
2、一长二短:X. XX|X. XX|
3、一长三短:X. XXX|X. XXX|
也可以倒过来练习,即一短一长,二短一长,三短一长的节奏来进行练习。(五指练习视频教学:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV16L411g7BN/)。
初学钢琴注意事项
1、弱音踏板习琴者都会有一个困扰:练琴时会对周围的邻居造成影响。踏板可以解决这个问题。对常用的立式钢琴来说,最直接的办法就是使用钢琴中间的弱音踏板:踩下钢琴中间的弱音踏板,并往左边移动至卡槽处固定,可以阶段性的减弱钢琴的音量,有助于降低对周围人群的影响。而且这针对弹奏者练习手指和熟悉乐谱来说,是丝毫没有影响的。
2、节拍器的使用:很多朋友把节拍器放在钢琴上可能一次都没有使用过,节拍器并不是钢琴上的摆设哦~我们平时所能感受到的节奏大致可分为:快、中、慢等不同速度,但要精确地把握和表现某种具体的速度,仅仅凭感觉是远远不够的,所以在练琴时一定要记得使用节拍器。
3、定期调律:如果钢琴使用较频繁,每年最好能进行两次钢琴调律,使用率不高的话,也要保证一年一次调律。最好是能请有专业资质的或具备相当经验的调律师来对钢琴进行音律的定期调整及维护保养。
4、乐谱:在一些地方盗版乐谱的使用非常普遍。印刷的磁粉劣质、纸张低劣、乐谱音符颜色较淡,使用一段时间后纸张就会破损脱落,对习琴者的眼睛也会有伤害。
学习方法
教材推荐
这是我国钢琴初级阶段教学运用极为广泛的教材之一。全书可分为三个部分。
1、第一部分是57首以前这部分是巩固手型,训练手指独立性的练习,要求弹奏放松、自然、练习速度以慢速中速为主。
2、第二部分是58~79首。58首到70首是训练快速练习,这里的快速是针对前阶段而言的,在学生奏法正确的基础上要求初步加快速度。71首~79首是带装饰音与不带装饰音的旋律练习。练习时先慢速,把节奏弹准确,弹平均,双手对齐,在稍微加快。这部分又是旋律练习要注意乐谱上的表情术语及力度术语,注意分句、呼吸、旋律的连贯与歌唱。
3、第三部分是80首到结束,是综合性的练习,无论音型、节奏型、音阶琶音类和双音练习都比前面丰富,练习时不仅要弹准确,还要注意音乐起伏,做出力度,速度变化。
课程推荐
刚开始学习钢琴的时候可以多看些视频资源,或者可以与许多钢琴爱好者交流,不懂时还可以提出问题,这样总比自己一个人探索有用得多。
下面是一些钢琴的视频教程,大家可以跟着一起学习。
https://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E9%92%A2%E7%90%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E9%9B%B6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80&from_source=webtop_search&spm_id_from=333.1007&search_source=2。
如何选择老师
1、找有经验的老师作为启蒙老师。很多人会觉得刚开始学琴,先随便找个老师教教就可以,这完全是不正确的做法。有经验的老师可以为你打下扎实的基础。
2、多了解老师的学习经历、教学方式及成果。好的老师都会有着良好的教育经历,以及丰富的教学成果,而他的学习经历也经过时间的沉淀,慢慢的转变成了自己独特的教学风格,也决定了他的教学思路。
3、成熟的老师教学思路非常清晰。对于钢琴老师来说,教学思路非常重要,如果一个钢琴老师连教学思路都没有的话,那么他就不能是一个好老师,因为这样的钢琴老师迷迷糊糊的就开始进行教学,自己都不知道会把学生带到哪个方向去。只有教学思路明确了,教学的内容才会明确,学生才会被带到正确的方向。
4、试课听课,一定不要忽略试课听课的环节,如果不试课就不知道老师的教学风格和教学方式是不是适合自己,能不能听懂这个很关键。
日常保养方法
1、保持良好的通风。钢琴需要良好的通风环境,不良的通风环境将对钢琴造成损坏。如果条件允许,钢琴最好置于房间的中央,或靠房间的内墙放置,如果可能,避免将钢琴靠房屋外墙放置,以防止外界气候变化对钢琴的音质和音量产生不良影响。若受条件限制,也务必确保钢琴四周有良好的通风。
2、切勿将钢琴靠窗放置尽可能不要将钢琴放置于窗前,钢琴的外壳是木质结构,要避免阳光的直射以及温度湿度的骤变。至少琴房窗户应该向屋外方向打开。若受条件所限必须将其靠窗放置时,一定要在窗户上悬挂厚窗帘来保护钢琴。
3、远离热。钢琴要远离散热器或加热器等热源,以免伤害钢琴外部和内部构件,导致音质、手感品质下降。因此要避免热辐射及热空气对钢琴的侵害。、4.适宜的环境可确保更好的音色适宜的温度和湿度,良好的通风环境是钢琴的演奏性能和声学品质表现最佳的必要条件。总体来说,相对湿度保持在50%--60%是比较理想的。钢琴的某些内部构件,如木、绒、毡等材料的对环境的变化极为敏感,稍有不慎就会损坏。
5、湿度对钢琴的影响。由绒、毡、皮及木材制成的击弦机构件精密度很高,允许的误差被限制在1/100mm以内。这些构件对湿度的变化极其敏感,湿度过高会导致击弦机运动迟钝,琴声沉闷,金属部键生锈和琴键失灵等问题出现。
6、避免过度干燥。对钢琴来说,环境潮湿是个问题,但过度干燥则更为不利,尤其是使用空调器的人工除湿房间。在一般干燥的气候下,钢琴自身有足够的水分来防止干燥产生的问题,但若空气过于干燥,木质和绒质构件会收缩变形,更为甚者,胶合的音板、夹板也会离层。构件的轻微变形将产生杂音。而且过于干燥的环境会导致弦轴钉松动,导致难以维持音准稳定。建议用户在琴房放置阔叶植物或湿度调节器以防止过度干燥。
7、注意气温骤变。如果寒冷的房间温度骤升,水分会凝结在琴弦或其他金属部件上导致生锈。绒质和毡质的构件也会因吸收水分而变形,导致击弦机运动迟钝,音色沉闷。请特别注意,在气温骤变时将钢琴移至朝北的气温较低的房间或密闭的混凝土结构房间。
8、钢琴的放置与音响效果。请将钢琴放置在声音可以均匀分布的房间。若在一个房间里所有的声音都集中于一点,易造成声音滞后及回音。为了让琴声更加悦耳、丰满,避免粗糙刺耳的回声,最好将钢琴放置于可以确保良好音响效果的房间。
9、切勿将物品放置在钢琴的顶盖上。如果在钢琴的顶盖上放置重物会产生杂音。一瓶鲜花会使钢琴更具风采,但一旦花瓶破裂,水流到钢琴内部将导致金属键生锈、击弦机变形等严重后果。所以,为避免意外,除乐谱和节拍器外,建议任何物品都不要放置于钢琴的顶部。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴是西洋古典音乐中的一种键盘乐器,有乐器之王的美称。由88个琴键和金属弦音板组成。几乎囊括了乐音体系中的全部乐音,是除了管风琴以外音域最广的乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiIKO2eQIgA2ywvjaMLDXd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识钢琴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsqoW4ooYq6I2QBFvlgKuFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴是西洋古典音乐中的一种键盘乐器,有乐器之王的美称。意大利人巴尔托洛奥·克里斯托弗利在1709年发明了钢琴。不但可以作为独奏、重奏、合奏和伴奏乐器使用,也是音乐创作和听觉训练中必不可少的基础乐器之一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2ywSeA2moi22XlUXHvBxg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYkcO6eCeiOIyYFiOUoZHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴目前可分为两大类别,传统类和电子类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAM4imcSMYw4uKPcgbADjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"传统类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwwmaOwKoowgKMVupovitc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"传统类可分为立式钢琴和三角钢琴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MUQS2emEIsQWwD9Ygd3Zg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":707,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"传统类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/586b5d56074248d596f160268c61ccd7","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcnagam6oGYOgUY2NQ5DrAXpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、立式钢琴是最为常见的钢琴种类,价格相对便宜,占用空间小,实用性较强。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kKoqw6GUwqWaYJsIF599c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"传统类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4460fb353ab142fd9f2deb31f7c8dd5c","width":598},"text":"","id":"doxcnW8GIA4sa4UwE232oMV6Wdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、三角钢琴价格比较昂贵,占用空间较大,一般用于大型演出或专业人士弹奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWmSymaAmacMGC0lfGHdhf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQE4miWs4ii88KKdT43PFjf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":327,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电子类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/22e1255c61b8499c9bd25290a4ab5210","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoWsqgCG4wE8eIyW2JxO3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、电子琴:电子琴是早期发展而来的乐器,带有扬声器,音量可以自由调节,而且能模仿多种乐器的声音,价格比较便宜,适合儿童启蒙时使用。61 键电子琴比较常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwu8gsm6O06co7qVkbutYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":599,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电子类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c417660eaba046febbdfc331e3fdf90d","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnGsOGI2kMAYmkshqYFMUKvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、电钢琴:电钢琴和电子琴的原理基本一样,但是电钢琴主要是为了模仿真钢琴弹奏手感","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"雨","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"存在的,各个厂家研发各种高科技手段来实现真钢琴手感。当然,电钢琴的价格相差也比较大,便宜的在2000元左右,贵的可以达到3~5万元。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWWA0I4aaqGkqmAkNk5fbmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":520,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电子类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a0a655a6d41046b19e778a2804c89de3","width":1000},"text":"","id":"doxcnYc8cGGkS6AmQK4DXpr37Bh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、合成器:合成器是现代高科技的产物,它不但结合了电子琴和电钢琴的特点,还有其他很多方面的提升,比如可以自动伴奏,代替乐队进行演奏,它不但可以弹奏出真钢琴的音色,还能弹奏出其他乐器的声音,比如鼓、吉他、萨克斯等。合成器的琴键数量也有多种选择,最常见的是61键、73键以及88键,价格相对来说比较贵,通常在1~3万元之间,合成器的音色一般比较好,可以在音乐制作时使用。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4ysGaoeueIUOAlSzLRwUf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何选购钢琴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAOMq2QIOI6wRS2wxlqwdA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、音质:好的钢琴要有好听的声音,太亮,太闷都不是好的声音。大家选择时可以演奏简单的旋律测试,而不要使用踏板,并且要在大空间检验,这样才能测试出钢琴真正的音质。你可以相信自己的耳朵,而无需专业人士的帮助就能做出准确的判断。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyuY4qKmAY08qAnsOwx1kUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、手感:一架钢琴的好坏不仅取决于声音,跟手感也有很大关系。很多家长在挑选钢琴时,要求推荐琴键轻的钢琴,怕孩子太小琴键太重会弹坏孩子的手指。其实这种做法是错误的,钢琴键盘的分量是有一个国际规范的,过重过轻都不是好的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6c4YyEwKc6CSKIaxx2ijpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、音板:钢琴的音板是钢琴声音的灵魂。音板的厚度一般为1厘米。钢琴的音色取决于音板的各项声音指标。市场上常见的音板分三种:单层实木音板、实木复合音板、复合音板。高端钢琴一般采用单层实木音板,低端钢琴则常用复合音板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoa6gy0OACiWG423Nwqv7Kd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、型号:钢琴的型号一般是按高度划分,如118、120、123、125、132等,同品牌同系列的钢琴高度越高声量越大,各方面的性能也更好一点,一般家庭初次购买钢琴,建议选择123-125的型号,这样的钢琴音质以及表现力还有稳定性都较好,性价比也高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq28846EgESuSGa6XhDoQHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、品牌:德国钢琴品牌品质是最好的,其次是德国以外的欧洲地区,再次是美国、日本、中国。越是知名的品牌钢琴的质量也就越好,这是因为每个钢琴品牌都有着自己的技术沉淀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsig0ciGwiqscgV0xUQGGYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、价格:也是大多数消费者比较关心的问题,个人建议先确定好预算,都说一分钱一分货,钢琴的价格从万元到数百万不等。在预算范围内尽量选择接近预算上限的,这样的品质也比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUasKgAasIAkEG2pGYJ3wre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴功能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6syKS2SYqMGQmaLR9z172e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴功能","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/db33ad89d6254ae59864b742dd2a681e","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnwM6qYQgAu0wm0AABR0OT6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习钢琴之前我们需要先了解钢琴的使用方法,可以参考钢琴说明书,先熟悉钢琴的面板功能,然后再系统学习钢琴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68Kwi4sy2g4EiQpqCGzYud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"无论是立式钢琴还是三角钢琴,都是由七部分组成:外壳、键盘、击弦机、 弦列、音板、铁支架、踏板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06Y6i2YoOEKW6jgPKxu5kd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴键盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSa4EckkyMwMgyYfXIM9qOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":252,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴键盘","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f65b8ec96f1643f5be53e1cd0529ccfc","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnuIqUokQ22eaiakMsvgqh9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngWaOgWKc6y8omoeP5p2xcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、共有52个白键和36个黑键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnissmQGisc06aI3bFgDNgSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、黑键的长度和宽度均小于白键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnswMeIAQm0AQi62Mtj7xfIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、每个黑键都位于两个白键中间(但不一定是正中间)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniqoC4IWq6GoIKeBH9BtoFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、琴键分为若干组,每组有12个琴键(7个白键和5个黑键)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQy6EqY6UAesSEEcPWDRXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、最左边的组只有3个琴键(2个白键和1个黑键),最后边的组只有1个琴键(1个白键),这两个组都是不完整的组。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA226quwMUK2Gg7IFrJu3Lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、每组的这12个琴键中,7个白键从左向右依次为do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、si,5个黑键从左向右依次为升do(降re)、升re(降mi)、升fa(降sol)、升sol(降la)、升la(降si)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngIWCSm88maCSYBT763cUid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、图中的那些汉字是每组的名称(从左向右依次为大字二组、大字一组、大字组、小字组、小字一组、小字二组、小字三组、小字四组、小字五组,其中大字二组和小字五组是不完全音组)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQqas008KiSqcuAyG0THBVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴音色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6SsEcwcKmeWG87EU48LxZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"给钢琴调音,一般可借助耳朵去听琴的音色来调,这需要知道钢琴的构造,一般调音师会把中高音区的同一个音的一根弦先调,这需要注意听音的高低和音色。除此,还可以借助调音器代替耳朵来听琴的音色。但如果没有这方面的技巧,还是应该找专业人士帮忙调音,切不可自己胡乱调节钢琴的音色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAksYmsGSO8IA81jjG21x3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢琴调音,简单地说,就是将琴弦拧紧或者放松,使其达到一定的音高(国际标准音),即以小字一组a音,振动频率以440Hz为标准,按十二平均律的生律方法来调试钢琴的每一个音。钢琴调律是一个较为复杂的工作,如果没有这方面的技巧,还是应该找专业人士进行调音,切不可自己胡乱调节钢琴的音色。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASKsgcqycQgYMutszksxqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、给钢琴调音,一般可借助耳朵去听琴的音色来调。钢琴调音常用的音程是同度、八度、四度和五度。不仅从理论上要懂得这几种音程的特征,还要从听觉上掌握其音响特点。调音是靠听拍音来判断音程是否准确的。一般来讲,听同度、八度较为容易,听四度和五度较难。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSCuwSWiSAUk4NfsF2cuvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、除了靠耳朵听音,还需要知道钢琴的构造。钢琴分出高音区、中音区、低音区。高音区一个音对应有三根琴弦,中音区有两根,低音区有一根,一般调音师会把中高音区的同一个音的一根弦先调出来。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2Agu2eEeYsuuwoWf3DnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、调音一般采用的是“四、五度循环法”,其程序为:先从中音组的A音开始,并用A音440HZ的调音器或标准音叉进行调音。A音调好后开始向八度扩展。中音组调好后,再调低音组。低音组的调音方法和中音组一样,以中音组为标准,用八度按半音阶。八度音调准后,再向五度、四度音进展。最后调高音组。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoouCuIKUCEcgOWBG3mTS9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、钢琴调音对于新手来说还是有些难度的,可以配合视频讲解来学习:https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=10528990544618385757","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6Wg6ymyWM4k0CM6E6joHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴调率","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGG8OAKY2WskcoyM9inbWe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调率方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMaq4Wy2YemukYdRVvbvAv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、四五度调律法 此方法采用上四下五在基准音组的闭环循环,得出12平均律,然后利用8度扩展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIg4iuAUKYiSIAqm7AnQSHk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 三六度调律法 此方法采用三六度音拍频数相对较多,不容易分辨出个数,然后利用8度扩展,是国内手法调律师常见的使用方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8q8CIEgEs8mucj2MvVkjAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 电子仪器调律法 此方法采用电子波形采样原理,其软件有YAMAHA、Tunelab等。在使用了高质量拾音器的情况下,软件能够很好地辅助校准,同时获得更高的精度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmggQ6IOkGMSO4oAySPj0qx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、单纯看文字可能会有些难度,大家可以观看视频教程一起学习:https://ke.qq.com/course/350545#term_id=100416879","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIyeS8KeMuq8s3FqquKs5f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调率工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOq60eAw06eGSwwxlzJlhS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、止音工具。钢琴调律是逐个音、逐根弦调试的过程,而钢琴的音多数为同音弦组构成,即一个音由两根或三根弦组成,调律时,这就需要将暂时不调试的弦止住防止它发出不必要的声音,以免干扰被调试弦的音响,而影响到调律听觉。这也是止音工具的作用。止音工具包括止音呢契、止音皮契、止音呢带、高音止音夹、高音止音棒、金属柄高音止音皮契和链条式止音皮契等器具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6C24Gk4U8SciEbmhG3Izh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、校音工具。校音工具是一种能产生或发出纯音的具有固定频率可作为调律标准音或校对、测试音高的音响工具。校音工具主要包括音叉、电子音叉和音准仪等器材。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwUMKUOqayYKoWkT73OigFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、调音工具。调音工具只有调音扳手。调音扳手是一种转动钢琴弦轴销,以调整弦张力的大小,使音升高或降低的专用工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8mOs2YeWmAOAcbsDNvdLwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、辅助工具。调律工具中的辅助工具有三件:一件名叫“套筒装卸扳”;另一件是螺丝刀:再一件是“倒退制止器调整扳”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UwyAKM2ku4kA9bEx8dc0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴脚踏板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8WSwc8EEgWY61Q4O64W4d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":390,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴脚踏板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ccd723e693ff445cbd07ee0dd2f7acde","width":593},"text":"","id":"doxcnyAOQqCkEI0EMAZvH1967Xc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从左到右依次是,柔音踏板,中央踏板,减震踏板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkCu2e2qUuSsqshbgdU0kpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、柔音踏板,顾名思义就是让钢琴的声音变得柔和一点,让声音变得更加的贴切。还有一个重要的作用就是减小声音的大小,适合早晨和晚上练琴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyO6moUiAiYUKqvlAryDARz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中央踏板,不同的钢琴不一样的作用,有的钢琴中央踏板有延音的效果,如果你按下一个音符,踩下延音踏板,即使你松开音符,音符也会继续发音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYg4OaaOoQec8c5gFvjzXQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、减震踏板,简单的来说,就是踩下去,可以让你敲击出来美妙共鸣的声音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kWkacEI4oc2aYTc8wPFsh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习钢琴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOQ4Auww6e4aokTs8D8faIc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴手法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnigakKSyksgIOCqIRnG8zgj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":310,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴手法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0904149986694e58bfce065a9258d9bc","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcneSoGwgE0isKY6udGKzJV2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先弹钢琴的正确手法是手指放到钢琴上,手掌要拱起来,并五指分开,手指一定是要自然下垂,整个手像握一个鸡蛋一下,成一个半圆形状。大拇指处外,手两只手的四指指尖去触碰一键,千万不要是指肚,拇指是用指尖的侧面去碰琴键的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCwGqOgOewME8q06I4tjW1e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4GigmIEW084CO06brZsQxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"像我们平时在家随时随地都可以练习,将手指摊平放在桌面上,去敲击桌面,从而达到手指的力量。有时候一个手指频繁的操作,就需要另外一个手指去接替了,像平时拇指弹奏过多的情况下,也可以用无名指接替弹奏,来减轻拇指的负担。指法的学习是重中之重,也是弹好钢琴的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCK2qwq2wuCkEDXqSg35Cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、顺指法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaGyaAgqEIWucLcU91Quqqa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在某个固定位置上,即五音手位上,用一个手指对准一个琴键,五个手指依次排列在五个琴键上,期间没有间隔的琴键,以手指的自然顺序使用的指法。这是钢琴弹奏中最常用的基本指法。如果一段旋律只有五度内的五个音,原则上不用移位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqoc2Ak2gyOs02wkIM226g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、扩指法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsqWKUaYS6EgEoJY2n23Ljh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五个手指在大于五度的音程上用伸展手型弹奏。大指与食指之间的虎口是伸展手型的有利条件。六度音程的旋律用六度的手型弹奏,一指与五指之间的距离为六度,一、二指之间间隔一个琴键,其余手指顺指排列。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QsAkwcqwiuWQzq27dKq3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、缩指法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnemAY06cicgSuohq85bbTSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五个手指在小于五度音程上用收缩手型弹奏。迂回上行或下行的旋律可以用这种缩指法弹奏。在弹奏过程中,把手指相互收缩弹奏旋律的指法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncEgImoQciaEMIncMd9nJnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、同音不同指:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnye6W2MocSssqGWixYOHOS9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在同一个音上换指弹奏的指法。同音换指法往往与顺指法或扩指法结合使用。为了使连续出现的同音弹奏得均匀清晰,可以用两个手指交替弹奏,也可以用三个或四个手指自右至左有规律地依次轮奏。旋律进行中,同音换指可以移动把位,移动把位后要立刻为下一个手型作好准备。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuYeQSGyIWKSeu2yrkl4I2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、同指不同音:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyW4Usmceo84eQLZBZSqpxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用相同的手指弹两个或两个以上的音,有如下:用大拇指同时弹奏相邻的两个键。滑指:用同一个手指连续弹奏两个音,由一个音滑向另一个音或由黑键向白键滑动或在两个白键间平行移动。","id":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:\",则表示该音升高两个八度,称为倍高音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuImsEkQyy8WmQBtszK56Zg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在基本音符下方加记一个\"·\",表示该音降低一个八度,称为低音;加记两个\" 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Db","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d250ba19a6c44180bd597f6cad55182c","width":564},"text":"","id":"doxcnWAiwgso0Q0uuQmC5P7LZlu"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoUgysAaw68o27Ieik76bc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五指练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUK8IWmcywUiYT4tAs38lh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":288,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五指练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c3c7ed1be1c64880832e8c3a0a16ac5b","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnyIMOsW226M4kQJXaoVpVvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五指练习的三种奏法,即断奏、连奏(连音)和跳音的弹法。我们分别讲解一下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQy2KssS8QiaAOgkLxVsKyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、断奏(也叫非连音奏法)。这种方法是初学者首先要学习和掌握的一种弹奏方法。初学时,要求学生手指、手掌、手腕都处于放松状态,手臂提起来后自然地落下,使弹奏的手指在琴键上站稳,并发出跑满坚实的声音,听见音声后立即放松,然后按同样的方法练习其他手指。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMYuGMmugiKGuMO78WfsXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、连奏(也叫连音奏法)。这是演奏钢琴最基本、最常用的弹奏方法。其要求正好与断奏相反,音与音之间无空隙、无停顿。连奏可以连接两个音或者多个音。具体弹法是:弹完第一个音后,手不要提起来,而是把手指的支撑点从一指传给二指(二指弹之前可先向上抬一下),接着二指再传给三指,三指传给四指,四指再传给五指,最后手腕提起,完成这五个音的连奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnga2eyeoce2ooYhfaHTgy6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、跳奏。顾名思义,这是一种有弹性、活泼跳跃的奏法。它要求弹出的声音短促、有力、富有弹性,手指弹下去随即离键,但也不能太短。把手指放在键上,然后,所弹手指在手臂的带动下往上“抽”,发力要快,集中,这样才能弹出比较集中、明亮、富有弹性的跳音。在此基础上再练习用手腕和手指的跳音奏法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkcgiUSaSWcYE5J2jxP7de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、断奏与联奏的详细指法一定不要错过哦:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av977873916/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av977873916/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneComcCMwQysosxV0Wr3Hfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 跳音的指法教学也很详细:https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=11206217697925100531","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWQCcio6SSsOs770nFSOXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五指练习的手位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6GcoKOKaQ2gUlwSRjglhg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一种手位:C、D、E、F、G","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0W0IWumWg0eukRbwk1S1cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学钢琴的学生对do re mi fa sol比较感兴趣,这样的手位学生容易接受,比较符合初学者的要求和特点。所以,我在教学时,首先采用的是这个手位,容易在琴上找到,双手相隔一个八度,练习起来较为方便,效果显著。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkoWE04aCaQimoZ6MkGwDfg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二种手位:E、升F、升G、升A、C","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGA8yae06OmeGmYuP2Y70Gh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是当年肖邦在教育学生时常用的教学方法,一百多年的教学实践都证明了这种手位是最符合这个年龄段学生的手的自然生理状况,大指和小指放在白键上,而食指、中指、无名指放在黑键上,这种手位容易使学生找到放松的感觉,可以使学生掌握正确的指间距离,形成良好的弹奏手型和积极的弹奏状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOwigWyYSoCAGwp4l5mJiig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五指练习的节奏变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSK2gm02sKwoCOie5vnnXed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在练习时,可以采用变化节奏的方法进行,这样,可以提高学生的学习兴趣,同时,还可以提高手指的训练效果,进一步强化巩固已经所学的弹奏方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnai2ywig2mAkqo7CIbQOHff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"训练时一般可以采用三种不同的节奏变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnecsWEC2G48UYAzMExSwULf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一长一短:X. X|X. X|","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGEaYmgigAoayCITacTGIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、一长二短:X. XX|X. XX|","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIkmYEqeqyMO86Nyfj0W0T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、一长三短:X. XXX|X. XXX|","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWm8ye0ckGU2qyspL61KiKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也可以倒过来练习,即一短一长,二短一长,三短一长的节奏来进行练习。(五指练习视频教学:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV16L411g7BN/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV16L411g7BN/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOyCUGiWyeUqceufQMzZRwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学钢琴注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwma0Ycosyq6yTqeK7hpVL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、弱音踏板习琴者都会有一个困扰:练琴时会对周围的邻居造成影响。踏板可以解决这个问题。对常用的立式钢琴来说,最直接的办法就是使用钢琴中间的弱音踏板:踩下钢琴中间的弱音踏板,并往左边移动至卡槽处固定,可以阶段性的减弱钢琴的音量,有助于降低对周围人群的影响。而且这针对弹奏者练习手指和熟悉乐谱来说,是丝毫没有影响的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6MKCasQK4QAtnV98obmCP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、节拍器的使用:很多朋友把节拍器放在钢琴上可能一次都没有使用过,节拍器并不是钢琴上的摆设哦~我们平时所能感受到的节奏大致可分为:快、中、慢等不同速度,但要精确地把握和表现某种具体的速度,仅仅凭感觉是远远不够的,所以在练琴时一定要记得使用节拍器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oiW4mkeciKI02cGOJB6Ug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、定期调律:如果钢琴使用较频繁,每年最好能进行两次钢琴调律,使用率不高的话,也要保证一年一次调律。最好是能请有专业资质的或具备相当经验的调律师来对钢琴进行音律的定期调整及维护保养。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwMKgeQ0wuqugMb7gIxXc3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、乐谱:在一些地方盗版乐谱的使用非常普遍。印刷的磁粉劣质、纸张低劣、乐谱音符颜色较淡,使用一段时间后纸张就会破损脱落,对习琴者的眼睛也会有伤害。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmo24IQocEeym2lS6eUsNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwycawG8kI620gXNY7alq9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOE2gCseWCaAOkdj6OiKebd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":355,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"教材推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30848e32d72f447c8a249e0e9bda9e35","width":312},"text":"","id":"doxcngMQqe4sOUga2IRkx2t09Hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是我国钢琴初级阶段教学运用极为广泛的教材之一。全书可分为三个部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayq8kKAIGiM6ySu0zMafUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、第一部分是57首以前这部分是巩固手型,训练手指独立性的练习,要求弹奏放松、自然、练习速度以慢速中速为主。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0MMI8wi6SKseOvv3Hky0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、第二部分是58~79首。58首到70首是训练快速练习,这里的快速是针对前阶段而言的,在学生奏法正确的基础上要求初步加快速度。71首~79首是带装饰音与不带装饰音的旋律练习。练习时先慢速,把节奏弹准确,弹平均,双手对齐,在稍微加快。这部分又是旋律练习要注意乐谱上的表情术语及力度术语,注意分句、呼吸、旋律的连贯与歌唱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKykOMsyg4W6OaKc3Btn2ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、第三部分是80首到结束,是综合性的练习,无论音型、节奏型、音阶琶音类和双音练习都比前面丰富,练习时不仅要弹准确,还要注意音乐起伏,做出力度,速度变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMke4CmU6KQOYzweEUAZse"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"课程推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyw0oCo8qW8GuoEA51cvGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚开始学习钢琴的时候可以多看些视频资源,或者可以与许多钢琴爱好者交流,不懂时还可以提出问题,这样总比自己一个人探索有用得多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWosmKU6EAoW4S0fvViydXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是一些钢琴的视频教程,大家可以跟着一起学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIew0A84iKMOYMUWYIN7Lcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E9%92%A2%E7%90%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E9%9B%B6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80\u0026from_source=webtop_search\u0026spm_id_from=333.1007\u0026search_source=2"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E9%92%A2%E7%90%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E9%9B%B6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80\u0026from_source=webtop_search\u0026spm_id_from=333.1007\u0026search_source=2","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKYqMkyE6YMAMgbVoEMjrXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何选择老师","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsO8AaksmiEcY1GJvfcfne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、找有经验的老师作为启蒙老师。很多人会觉得刚开始学琴,先随便找个老师教教就可以,这完全是不正确的做法。有经验的老师可以为你打下扎实的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4e0qWKkaAI42K4zsdU4tYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、多了解老师的学习经历、教学方式及成果。好的老师都会有着良好的教育经历,以及丰富的教学成果,而他的学习经历也经过时间的沉淀,慢慢的转变成了自己独特的教学风格,也决定了他的教学思路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoeYmwAsIG2Qu6Kl8Hd0re"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、成熟的老师教学思路非常清晰。对于钢琴老师来说,教学思路非常重要,如果一个钢琴老师连教学思路都没有的话,那么他就不能是一个好老师,因为这样的钢琴老师迷迷糊糊的就开始进行教学,自己都不知道会把学生带到哪个方向去。只有教学思路明确了,教学的内容才会明确,学生才会被带到正确的方向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcmwKmMOQ44Yo5ptgBjLzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、试课听课,一定不要忽略试课听课的环节,如果不试课就不知道老师的教学风格和教学方式是不是适合自己,能不能听懂这个很关键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc8QKAaMeqq66Ap9siLL3lf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常保养方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicCAoSeIEcE2eQQymhyRKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、保持良好的通风。钢琴需要良好的通风环境,不良的通风环境将对钢琴造成损坏。如果条件允许,钢琴最好置于房间的中央,或靠房间的内墙放置,如果可能,避免将钢琴靠房屋外墙放置,以防止外界气候变化对钢琴的音质和音量产生不良影响。若受条件限制,也务必确保钢琴四周有良好的通风。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8mmu6SkcOMqeSheSvc3nL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、切勿将钢琴靠窗放置尽可能不要将钢琴放置于窗前,钢琴的外壳是木质结构,要避免阳光的直射以及温度湿度的骤变。至少琴房窗户应该向屋外方向打开。若受条件所限必须将其靠窗放置时,一定要在窗户上悬挂厚窗帘来保护钢琴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQ88OSeSOOKMqMB2Xxpjrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、远离热。钢琴要远离散热器或加热器等热源,以免伤害钢琴外部和内部构件,导致音质、手感品质下降。因此要避免热辐射及热空气对钢琴的侵害。、4.适宜的环境可确保更好的音色适宜的温度和湿度,良好的通风环境是钢琴的演奏性能和声学品质表现最佳的必要条件。总体来说,相对湿度保持在50%--60%是比较理想的。钢琴的某些内部构件,如木、绒、毡等材料的对环境的变化极为敏感,稍有不慎就会损坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngg0AU28O6uiAOM1GEh4HTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、湿度对钢琴的影响。由绒、毡、皮及木材制成的击弦机构件精密度很高,允许的误差被限制在1/100mm以内。这些构件对湿度的变化极其敏感,湿度过高会导致击弦机运动迟钝,琴声沉闷,金属部键生锈和琴键失灵等问题出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyC6wmMqOaGia2nxt4P0oUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、避免过度干燥。对钢琴来说,环境潮湿是个问题,但过度干燥则更为不利,尤其是使用空调器的人工除湿房间。在一般干燥的气候下,钢琴自身有足够的水分来防止干燥产生的问题,但若空气过于干燥,木质和绒质构件会收缩变形,更为甚者,胶合的音板、夹板也会离层。构件的轻微变形将产生杂音。而且过于干燥的环境会导致弦轴钉松动,导致难以维持音准稳定。建议用户在琴房放置阔叶植物或湿度调节器以防止过度干燥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaEUG0YE4yyO8kVfeclHXCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、注意气温骤变。如果寒冷的房间温度骤升,水分会凝结在琴弦或其他金属部件上导致生锈。绒质和毡质的构件也会因吸收水分而变形,导致击弦机运动迟钝,音色沉闷。请特别注意,在气温骤变时将钢琴移至朝北的气温较低的房间或密闭的混凝土结构房间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOuoM4QWO2Smow7CkStIDOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、钢琴的放置与音响效果。请将钢琴放置在声音可以均匀分布的房间。若在一个房间里所有的声音都集中于一点,易造成声音滞后及回音。为了让琴声更加悦耳、丰满,避免粗糙刺耳的回声,最好将钢琴放置于可以确保良好音响效果的房间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeI2GYuSkGIcuQYLyUQ4ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、切勿将物品放置在钢琴的顶盖上。如果在钢琴的顶盖上放置重物会产生杂音。一瓶鲜花会使钢琴更具风采,但一旦花瓶破裂,水流到钢琴内部将导致金属键生锈、击弦机变形等严重后果。所以,为避免意外,除乐谱和节拍器外,建议任何物品都不要放置于钢琴的顶部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG6UU4EAiWuCQY7v3aXRuwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnueEoQ46OGyaGY94RBHUR3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYMsAKEGoqYAG2ImNN3BJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiwceU0Cu6oqmcqINdd7Ce"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
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